Gear generating machine



Sept. 29, 1931. E. FINSEN f 1,825,112

GEAR GENERATING MACHINE Fild June 6, 1929 x 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 as 28 11x02jga? 672/ pt 1931- E. FINSEN 1,825,112

GEAR GENERATING MACHINE Filed June 6, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 jig 0Mfmezz/ 7 245 ATTORN GEAR GENERATING MACHINE Filed June 6, 1929 5Sheets-Sheet s INVENTOR [[yga'zd 1 272662 Z66 ATTORNEY Z Patented Sept.29, 1931 on-WED smATE PATENT onnes .EYV'IND' FINSEN,LOF 'ROCHESTERQHWNEWYORK,.IASSIGNOR' T GLEASON WORKSQ OF '%BOCHESTER} NEW YORILiACORPORATION' OF. NEW..YORK

GEAR GENERATING MACHINE Application filed June 6, 1929. Serial No.368,865.

.bevel. and .hypoid gears. 3 In a more 'particu- 1 r lar aspect, .thepresent .invention has" reference to that type of 'gear"gteneratingma- Ichine in which the' rotation of "the work required. for generationisfprodnced by the roll of agearsegment connected tothework l s indle ona car. se ment'havin a fixed I P g g b relation to the: tool.

' make; possible in machine of the type described; a more rigidstructure .while' at the M same time making-easier of attainmentthatextreme accuracy"in- "thermounting and operation of thewarious partsiwhich -is ".re-

quired in prescht day gearcutting practice.

, A" further-object ofthis invention is: to

in" provide in a machine of the type described an adjustment for theWork-segment'which will permit of modifying'ito a: desired degree thetoothprofi'les'of {the gear to be out on. the machine, 'Which willpermit of one parent hereinafter from the I specification and from'therecital ofthe appended claims.

. In the'dravvings:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a straight tooth bevel gear generatingmachinev embodying in its construction' thefeaturesof' this invention, apart of theframe being broken away for the purpose of illustra- V tionFigure 3 is a rear elevation of the work head;

Figure iis a detail view'showingin side elevation the stock dividinggauge and Figure 5 is a fragmentary front elevation j I here further asthey form -no'-'part of-"the present invention.

of the same.

. indicates the base or" frame ofthemachine, l1.the tool head which isslidably .mounted'onfthe' baseior" frame 10, and 12 one of the cuttingtools. "The'gear' to b Figure 2 is.a fragmentaryjplan view'of th1smachine, parts being shown 1n section;

"out is'designated at G. It is secured to the 'work'spindle 13 by'any'suitable type "of chucking apparatus. Theworkfspindle 13v iszmounted onthe'work'head 14e'andthis in turn is'mounted on a swinging'base 15 whichis adjustably secured to the cradle 16.

Mounted on the work spindle/13 is a sleeve 18 to which is connected asegmentgindic'ated generally at 19, which is adapted to roll on a secondsegment 20. 'The segment 20- is m,

I pivoted to a relatively fixedpartof thema- One object of. thefipresentinventionisto chine.

The cradle16 .is oscillated 'by'a"cam"22 The tools reciprocate to cutsimultaneoiisly opposite sides'of a tooth of the gear blank G"'7u andthe cam 22'is rotated"continuously; thus oscillating the cradle '16 androlling the segment' 19 "on the stationary segment 20.

While the'worlris inenga'gementwith the tool, the sleeve18'is'connected' to the work" spindle 13 so that themotion of thesegment 19 is imparted to:thewvorkspiiidle 'lhis motion combines withtheoscillatory movement ofthe cradle to produce the'generating rollrequired to generate the profiles of these teeth-of the gear. WVhenonetooth'has been completelygenerated;the tool head is withdrawn awayfromthe-workby-a cam (not shown) mounted on the same shaft with thegenerating cam 22. During the-period of "When the indexing'operation hasbeen completed, the tools are again returned into "cutting'engagementwith the" blank to cut as the next tooth.

The means for reciprocating the tools; the

drive to the cam for oscillating thecradle andto thefecd cam whichcontrolsthe movement of the tool head will notbe-described" Gleason etalLFebruary28, 1928, for a more detailed description of thesemechanisms.

pending application No. 312,173, filed October 12, 1928. The presentinvention deals with the mounting of the work spindle in the work head,the mounting of the work head on the swinging base, the construction ofthe work segment, the stock-dividing apparatus, ant the inoex mechanism.

In machines of the type to which this invention refers as heretoforeconstructed, the work spindle has been mounted in the sl eve and thesleeve j ournaled in suitable bearings in the work head. As it isnecessary that too spindle be mounted with extreme accuracy in orderthat a gear of correct tooth proportions be gene ated, this has meantthat heretofore the bore of the sleeve has had to be ground accuratelyfor its entire length and the work spindle has had to be groundaccurately for its entire length to fit this here.

\Vith the present invention, the work spin dle 13 journaled directly inthe work head 1 1. For this purpose, spaced bearings are provided on thework head. In the preferred construction, the forward bearing indi -atedat- 26 is a plain bearing and the rear bearing indicated at 27, a ballcaring. Both bearings are capped hearings. The cap 28 of the forwardhearing which is secured in position by the screws 29 is shown in Figure'l while the structure of the rear capped bearing is clearlyillustrated in Figure 3, th screws 30 designatingin this figure thescrews for securing the rear cap in place. The sleeve 18 is rotatablymounted on the spindle 13 between the two bearings.

The improved spindle mounting makes it poss ore to secure the requiredaccuracy with much greater ease and at the same time the spindle ismounted more rigidly on the work head than with any prior construction.lVith the new construction, only the bear- 26 and that portion of thebore of the work head in which the ball bearing 27 seats requiresgrinding or scraping as contrasted with the grinding of the bore of tl.sleeve for full length in prior constructions. The spindle 13 need onlybe ground for those portions of its length which seat in the hearings,though for convenience, it is usual practice to grind the spindle forits full length. It is much easier with the short plain bearing mountingat one end and the ball boa ring mounting at the other end to get thespindle mounted correctly than where the accuracy of mounting dependsupon the success with which the spindle and sleeve are ground. f thespindle bearings wear, the spindle can be very easily removed from thework head by taking off the bearingcaps. The front bearing can bereground or rescraped and if necessary a new ball hearing inserted forthe rear hearing. The ease with which wear can be taken care of isanother advantage of the present invention. v The work head 14 is formedwith a dovetailed projection 32 at one side, as clearly seen in Figure3. By means of this projection 32, the work head is secured to theswinging base 15. The dove-tailed portion 32 rests at one side in a way33 formed on the swinging base and is held at its other side to theswinging base by a gib 31 which is shaped to conform to this side of theprojection 32. The gib 34 is clamped to the swinging base by bolts 35.The work head 141 can be adjusted on the ways thus formed by rotation ofthe stud shaft 36 which is journaled in the swinging base and carries apinion 37 that meshes with a rack 38 which is secured to the work hea l.Through this adjustment, the work spindle can be moved to adjust thegear blank to be cut to the correct cone distance.

The swinging base 15 is adjustable on the cradle 16 angularly in orderto adjust the root cone of the gear blank into tangency with the cuttingplane. The base 15 is secured in any adjusted position by means ofT-bolts 1 0 which engage in arcuate T-slots 41 formed in the upper faceof the cradle 16.

The segment may be a bevel gear seg ment as described in Patent No.1,660,502 above mentioned, or a crown gear segment as described in mypending application above referred to. As already stated, the lattertype segment is shown in the accompanying drawing. The segment 19 isselected with reference to the pitch cone angle of the 1r to begenerated. lVith the present invention, the segment 19 is made in twoparts adjustable with reference to each other. The inner part of thesegment 19 is in the form of an arm 45 which is secured by the bolts 47to a sleeve 46 that fits onto the sleeve 18. The sleeve 18 is providedwith a longitudinal spline and the split sleeve 46 correspondinglyrecessed to permit movement of the sleeve 18 with the work head towardand away from the tools without changing the position of the segment 19.The outer end portion 49 of the segment 19 is toothed and meshes withthe crown gear segment 20. The contacting surfaces of the portions 45and 49 are curved about the center f the machine in a bevel geargenerating machine, about the intersection of the axis of the workspindle and the axis of the cradle. The outer portion 19 is adjustablysecured to the inner portion 415 by the bolts 50 which are secured inthe inner portion 15 and pass through slots 51 formed in the outerportion 49. A very line adjustment of the outer portion 49 on the innerportion 15 can be effected by rotation of the screw 52 which threadsinto a lug 53 vformed: lonfl'fthe inner arm: portion I and abuts againstthe end; .face of :the L outer seg- "mrent portion: 49.

iifilehearing. This canbeidone very readily 5.:Wltl1'i the: present.invention by. adjustment of the outer portion 49 of the segment 19 1011the a'rn1'45 :for, :it. will .be seen, that if =the-segment 19haslbeenzselected to cor respond. in ;the zerov position of .itsiadjust-*mentwith the pitch cone angle of the gear to be:generated, that any.adjustment of the "se ment will efiect a change in the roll o1'-the-gearblankx relative to the tools with a consequent.modification inthe. tooth profile I wgenerated.

'By.1neans of this same: adjustment of the 7 segment l9-itisalsopossible to use a single --.segment to generate-gearsot different pitchicone.angleswithinya limited range. This .teria1ly-'red:uces the cost ofthe fully equipped machine to.;the user.

In Gleason machines of: the geared-roll type, the tool. represents a'nominal crown I gear, that is, acrown gear; having a plane' 1-desirabletoduplicateon a segment-roll ma-- chine gears such as are generated ona;

- geared-roll machine. This can be done very readily-through theimprovement of the present invention by adjusting the work segment 19 sothat its pitch cone angle is 1 blank toobtain the same ratio of rollused on the-geared rollmachine.

The machine shown in the accompanying drawin s is of the intermittentindexin b held out of engagement with the ratchet type and as in themachine of the patent and of the application above referred to, theindexing is effected by the generating roll.

anismIitself and in the manner in which this index mechanism is mountedto connect the ratchet wheel 56. If'..the machine-is operated accordingto. fiiithepminciples otmy application' No. 312,173, mthevsegnient119.:.in ;the.zero. positionbf adx justment ofthe outer. portion 49 onthe duneraportion 45= Will have thesame pitch: .cone anglesas. thepitcheone angle of the- O; gear. tobe. generated. .Itissometimesdesirableto modify the profile-curvature of the ..tceth rota gear fromtheoretical .form to secure asdesirablemodification in tooth pro-'teeth'in. the gear to be cut.

' reduces .the. number of segments urequired -with aygenerating machineof the. type described .in order. to'cover .thenfull capacity ofithmmachine and-consequently very ma-- mit taking off more stock.

This: lever less than 90. In, generating a: gear on such Improvements.have been made in the pres ent'machme both 1n the form of index mech-'dle13' at its outer end (Fig. 2) is a sleeve which has formed integralwith it a Mounted on the sleeve 55 and secured to the ratchet wheel asby bolts 57 is an index plate 58 (Figs. 1 and 3);; which is providedwith a series of notches equal to Or a multiple of the number of The nut60 serves to hold. the index plate andratchet wheel 011 the work spindleand the two are keyed or otherwise secured to the spindle so as to movetherewith. The sleeve55- and the ratchet wheel 56 and index plate 58car- .ried thereby are mounted on one side of the ball bearing 27.

. Secured to the sleeve 18 at the other side of this ball bearing is afan-tail or arm (S1. Pivotally mounted on this arm 61, as at .62, is anarm ('53. Adjustably mounted on the arm 63 is a part 64 which carries alocki ing-dog (35 that is adapted to be engaged with the notches oi theindex plate 58. The part 64 can be adjusted on the arm 63 to rotate theindex plate and the spindle 13 changing the position of the biankrelative formed integral with the arm 63 and which carries a worm 08thatmcshes with a worm wheel segment (39 cut on the part 5%. The bolts70 serve to secure the part 64: inany adjusted position on the arm 68.This adjustment is used in stock-di *iding or to per- JPivot-allymounted on the arm or fan-tail 61 at a point 72 internal of theperiphery of the notched index plate 58 is a lever 73. 731s connected tothe arm' 63 that to. which the plate is secured for siightly carries thelocking dog 65 by a link 75 S0 that the arm 63 and lever 78 movetogether.

.They are constantly urged into position where .the locking dog (35engages one of dle bearing is a pawl 81 which is adapted -enough lessthan thepitch cone angle of the f to engage the ratchet Wheel Inns pawl81 is constantly urged into engagement with the ratchet wheel 56 by thespring 82 which secured at one end to the pawl and at its opposite endto the plate 80. The pawl is -.work head 14 is a lug 87 which serves tosleeve" 18 and work spindle. These features: -'.will bedescribednow.Secured to the spinengage, in the roll of the work spindle, a

lever 73 by means of a bolt 89 which engages in a slot 90 formed in thelever 78.

V Figure 8 shows the parts of the indexing mechanism in the positionthat they assume while a tooth is being cut. The locking dog is inengagement with one of the notches ot the 111(10X plate 58 thusconnecting the spindle 13 to the sleeve 18 so that the roll of thesegment 19 on the crown gear segment 20 is communicated to the workspindle. At the same time, the pawl 81 is held out of engagement withthe ratchet wheel 56 by engagement of the cam surface Set of the leverarm 78 with the roller 85 which is mounted on the pawl 81. As the sleeve18 rotates due to the roll of the segment 19 on the segment 20, the lug88 on the lever 73 will be brought into engagement with the lug 87 onthe relatively stationary work head 14 and will ride up on the lug 87rocking the lever 73 about its pivot 72 and lifting the locking dog 65out of engagement with the index plate 58 through the link connection 75between the lever 73 and the arm (33. As the lever 78 rocks upward, therun surface 84; is disengaged from the roller and the pawl 81 released.The spring 82 then acts immediately to engage the pawl 81 with theratchet wheel 56. The dog is now disengaged from the index plate 58disconnecting the work spindle 13 and the sleeve 18 while the pawl 81 isnow engaged with the ratchet wheel 56 connecting the work spindle 13 tothe work head -.l-. "he work spindle 13 is now held staonary but thesleeve 18 continues to rol e under actuation of the segment 19. Yhen inthe turther movement of the sleeve 18 the lug 88 rides oil of the lug87, the lockingdog (35 will drop back onto the plate 58 under actuationof the spring 76 and will engage a new notch in the index plate. As soonas the dog engages the new notch of the plate the cam sur ace 84 ot thelever to will re-engage the roller 85 of the pawl 81 thus withdrawingthe pawl 81 from engagement with the ratchet wheel 56. The dog 65 andindex plate 58 will be again reconnected with the dog engaged in aditl'erent notch of the index plate so that the work spindle will havebeen indexed relative to the sleeve 18 to bring a new tooth of the gearblank G into engagement with the tools 12 on the further roll of themachine. When the index has been completed the roll will be reversed bythe cam 22 and the sleeve will roll back. In this backward roll of thesleeve 18, the lug 88 will ride over the lug 87 without lifting thelever 73 because the lug 88 is so mounted that on the backward roll ofthe sleeve 18, it will pivot on the plate by which it is secured "to thebolt 89. By setting the lug 88 at any suitable point in the slot 90 ofthe lever 73, the index mechanism can be adjusted to trip at any desiredpoint in the roll as may be required in the cutting of difierent gears.

The use of the double-armed link-connected arrangement 7368-75 obviatesthe use of a very long arm (53 which would be required were the camsurface 84 formed on this arm, keeps the whole mechanism in a smallcompass and reduces the amount of roll required to ellect generation andindexing. The use of a ball bearing 27 for the rear spindle bearinginstead of a plain bearing enables the whole index mechanism to be keptin a small compass and the fan-tail 61 and the notched plate 58 to bebrought close together, thus making possible a very rigid structure.

The machine shown is a finishing generator. The gear blank to be cut isroughed out on another machine and finished out on this machine. Tofinish generate the gears properly it necessary to position the roughedblank on the work spindle so that the tool in cutting will generateproper protiles on both sides of the gear teeth. To po sition the blankcorrectly on the work spinle, a stool dividing gauge is used. This augeis shown in Figures 4t and 5 but is -i oken away in Figure 2 for thepurpose of The gauge includes the ring nitrat on. iienber 92 which ismounted on the nose of the work spindle 13, the arm 98 which secured tothe ring 92 by the bolt 94, the plate 95 which is pivotally mounted onthe arm 93 by means of the pin 96 and is normally held in the positionshown in Figures and 5 by the coil spring 97 which is secured at one endto the plate 95 and at its other end to the arm 98, the bar 98 which isslidably adjustable in the plate 95 and the linger 99 which is securedto the bar 98 by the screws 100. The ring 92 is held on the work:spindle 13 by the plate 101 which secured at one end to the sleeve 18 bythe screws 102 and which is adjustably connected at its other end to thering 92 by the bolts 108 which engages in the slot 104,: in the plate.

The finger 99 in a tooth space of th rou and the ring the plate 101 asblanks of dill'erent stock dividing linger relative to tools so thatwhen it is engaged with the roughed gear. the gear will gea r blankrelative to d to take care of i in use, the

have been correctly usted to the tools. To use the stock divining gauge,the plate is rocked about the pivot 99 'to engage the linger 99 with atooth space of the roughened blank and the roughened blank is adjustedon the spindle until. it is properly engaged bv the linger 99. Then theblank locked in the. spindle by the chucking mechanism and the linger 99released. The finger immediately moves to the posi- \Vhile the inventionhas been described in connection with a machine for generat ingstraight-tooth gears, it will be understood that the features of theinvention are equally applicable to a machine for generatinglongitudinally curved tooth gears such as described in the copendingappli- -,cation of James E. Gleason et al. No. 220,-

- 1,385,200 issued to E. W. Bullock et al., July In general it may besaid that while the invention has been described in connection wi h aparticular embodiment and in connection with a particular use for thatembodiment, it will be understood that it is rapable of furthermodification and use and that this application is intended to cover anyvariations, uses, or adaptations 'of the invention followin in eneralthe principles of the invention and including such departures from thepresent disclosure as come within known or customary practise in thegear art and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbeforeset forth and as fall within the scope of the invention or the limits ofthe appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In a gear generating machine, the combination with a work support, atool support, a cradle on which one of said supports is mounted, andmeans for rotating the cradle, of a work spindle journaled directly inthe work head, a sleeve mounted on the work spindle, a segment connectedto the sleeve, a segment having a fixed relation to the tool on whichthe first segnment rolls, and indexing mechanism adapted to connect thework spindle and sleeve during cutting said indexing mechanism beingoperated by the relative rolling movement of said segments.

2. In a machine for generating gears, a tool support, a work supportprovided with spaced bearings, a work spindle journaled in the bearingsof the work head, a sleeve rotatably mounted on the work cthspindlebetween said bearings, an arm connected to the sleeve, a gear segmentsecured to said arm, a second gear segment having a fixed relation tothe tool mechanism, means for oscillating one of said sup- -ports, andindexing mechanism adapted to connect the sleeve to the spindle duringcutting said ndexing mechanism being operated by the relative rollingmovement of said segments.

3. In a machine for generating gears, the combination with a worksupport provided with spaced bearings, a tool support, a cradle on whichone of said supports is mounted, and means for rotating the cradle, of aworkspindle journaled directly in the work head,a sleeve mounted on saidspindle between said bearings, a segment connected to the sleeve, asegment having. a fixed relation to the tool on which the first segment'rolls,'and indexing mechanism comprising an index platesecured to thework spindle at its rear end, an arm secured to the sleeve, and meanscarried bv the arm whichstraddles the rear spindle bearing forconnecting. the sleeve to the spindle during cutting said indexingmechanism being operated by the relative rolling movement of saidsegments.

a. In a machine for generating gears, the combination with a'worksupport provided with spaced bearings, the forward one of which is acapped plain bearing, a tool support, a'cradl e on which one of saidsupportsis mounted, and means for rotating the cradleyof a work spindlejournaled directly in said bearings, a sleeve mounted on said spindlebetween said bearings, a segment connected to the sleeve, a segmenthaving a fixed relation to the tool on which the-first segmentrolls,-and indexing mechanism for connecting the sleeve to the spindleduring cuttin'gsaid indexing mech-' anism being operated by the relativeroll-' ing'movement of said segments.

5. In a machine for generating gears, the

combination with a work" support provided with spaced bearingslof whichthe forward bearing is a capped plain bearing and the rearbearing is ananti-friction bearing, a tool support, a cradle on which one of saidsupports is mounted, and means-for rotating the cradle, of a workspindle journaled directly in the work support bearings, a' sleevemounted on said spindle between said bear-' ings,-a segment connected tothe sleeve, a segment havlnga fiXGCl'I'GliLt-IOH to the tool on whichthe first segment rolls, and index ing mechanism comprising an indexplate se' cured to the work spindle at its rearend, an arm secured tothe sleeve, and means car ried by the arm which straddles the rearspindle bearing for connecting the sleeve to" the spindle during cuttingsaid indexing" mechanism being operated by the relative rolling movementof said segments.

6. In a machine for generating gears, a

tool mechanism, a work spindle and sleeve rotatably mounted relativelyto each other, a segment having a s )linedconnection with saidsleeve'and exten ing. at one sideof the spindle, a segment having afixed relation to the tool mechanism on which the first segment rolls, awork head on which the sleeve and spindle are rotatably mounted having adove-tailed portion extending parallel to the axis of the work spindleand lying on the side of the spindle opposite from said segment, acradle having ways shaped to receive said dove-tailed portion of thework head and means for moving the tool head on said ways to move thework toward or from the tool mechanism.

7. In a gear generating machine, the combination with a work supportprovided with spaced bearings, a tool support, a cradle on which one ofsaid supports is mounted and means for rotating the cradle, of a workspindle journaled directly in said work head, a sleeve mounted on saidspindle between said bearings, a segment connected to the sleeve, asegment having a fixed relation to the tool on which the first segmentrolls, indexing mechanism connecting said sleeve and spindle, and astocleclividing gauge comprising a bar secured to the sleeve andstraddling the forward spindle hearing, a. ring mounted on the spindleand adjustably secured to the bar, and a linger pivotally mounted onsaid ring and adapted to be engaged in a tooth space of the gear to becut.

8. In a gear generating machine, a support, a work spindle mounted onthe support, a sleeve in which the work spindle is rotatable, a notchedplate secured to the spindle, a ratchet wheel secured to the spindle, apawl movahlv mounted on the support, an arm connected to the sleeve, alocking dog movably mounted on the arm adapted to engage the notches ofsaid index plate, a lever pivotally mounted on said arm, meansconnecting the lever to the dog so that the two move together, means onthe lever adapted to engage the pawl to hold the same out of engagementwith the ratchet wheel when the dog is engaged with the plate, means foroscillating the sleeve, a lug on the lever, means on the support adaptedto be engaged by said lug in rotation of the sleeve in one direction tolift said lever out of engagement with the pawl and simultaneously liftsaid locking dog out of engagement with the notched plate, and means formoving the pawl into engagement with the ratchet wheel when released.

9. In a gear generating machine, a support, a work spindle mounted onthe support, a sleeve in which the work spindle is rotatable, a notchedplate secured to the spindle, a ratchet wheel secured to the spindle, apawl pivotally mounted on the support, an arm connected to the sleeve. alocking dog pivotally connected to the arm adapted to engage the notchesof said index plate, a lever pivotally connected to the arm, a linkconnecting the lever to the dog so that the two move together, means 011the lever adapted to engage the pawl to hold the same out ofengagen'ient with the ratchet wheel when the dog is engaged with theplate, means for oscillating the sleeve, a lug on the lever, means onthe support adapted to be engaged by said lug on rotation of the sleevein one direction to lift said lever out of engagement with the pawl andsimultaneously lift said locking dog out of engagement with the notchedplate, and means for moving the pawl into engagement with the ratchetwheel when released.

EYVIND FINSEN.

